Coupling on a tractor-trailer refers to the process of securely connecting the tractor (the truck’s power unit) to the trailer. This connection allows the two parts to move together as one, enabling the tractor to pull the trailer safely and efficiently. Proper coupling is essential for ensuring the safety of both the driver and other road users.
The coupling mechanism primarily involves two key components: the fifth wheel and the kingpin. The fifth wheel is a flat, circular plate mounted on the tractor, and the kingpin is a large pin underneath the front of the trailer. During coupling, the kingpin locks into the fifth wheel, creating a secure pivot point that allows the trailer to rotate smoothly as the tractor turns. To perform coupling correctly, drivers must follow specific steps, such as aligning the tractor with the trailer, backing up slowly to engage the fifth wheel and kingpin, and performing a tug test to ensure the connection is secure. Improper coupling can lead to accidents, such as trailer separation during transit.
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